James McInerney

James McInerney

Evolutionary Biologist & Computational Scientist

Professor & Head of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour · University of Liverpool
Former President · Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

About

I study how bacterial genomes evolve, using bioinformatics, statistics, and machine learning. My research focuses on pangenomics—understanding the complete set of genes across bacterial species—and how horizontal gene transfer shapes microbial diversity.

I'm particularly interested in applying transformer models and AI to decode the "grammar" of bacterial genomes, with applications in antimicrobial resistance prediction and synthetic biology. This work sits at the intersection of evolutionary biology and modern machine learning.

Pangenomics Horizontal Gene Transfer AI & Machine Learning Antimicrobial Resistance Phylogenetics Eukaryotic Origins

Pangenome AI

Revolutionising bioscience with Large Pangenome Models that extract evolutionary wisdom from millions of genomes.

Software

Selected Publications

PanForest: predicting genes in genomes using random forests

Bioinformatics · 2026 · Beavan AJS, Domingo-Sananes MR, McInerney JO

Reconstructing the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes

PLoS Biology · 2024 · Richards TA, ... McInerney JO, et al.

Prokaryotic pangenomes act as evolving ecosystems

Molecular Biology and Evolution · 2023 · McInerney JO

Gene-gene relationships in an Escherichia coli accessory genome are linked to function and mobility

Microbial Genomics · 2021 · Hall RJ, Whelan FJ, ... McInerney JO

Evidence for selection in the abundant accessory gene content of a prokaryote pangenome

Molecular Biology and Evolution · 2021 · Whelan FJ, Hall RJ, McInerney JO

Coinfinder: detecting significant associations and dissociations in pangenomes

Microbial Genomics · 2020 · Whelan FJ, Rusilowicz M, McInerney JO

Pangenomes and selection: the public goods hypothesis

The Pangenome (Springer) · 2020 · McInerney JO, Whelan FJ, et al.

Evolution: A four billion year old metabolism

Nature Microbiology · 2016 · McInerney JO

Gene similarity networks provide new tools for understanding eukaryote origins and evolution

PNAS · 2013 · Álvarez-Ponce D, Lopez P, Bapteste E, McInerney JO

Supertrees disentangle the chimerical origin of eukaryotic genomes

Molecular Biology and Evolution · 2007 · Pisani D, Cotton JA, McInerney JO

View all 131 publications on ORCID →

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